LL-37
LL-37Antimicrobial host-defense peptide.
Also known as: Cathelicidin, L-37
Overview
LL-37 is the only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, studied extensively in innate-immunity, wound-healing, and host-defense research.
The only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, studied for broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses, plus roles in wound healing and immune modulation. A key effector of innate host defense.
Disrupts microbial membranes and modulates immune signaling, chemotaxis, and angiogenesis as a host-defense peptide.
Molecular information
LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTESCleaved from the hCAP18 precursor; amphipathic helix disrupts microbial membranes.
Pharmacokinetics
Illustrative relative-concentration model derived from published pharmacokinetic research. Curve is normalized and provided for educational comparison only — not a dosing schedule.
Research applications
- Innate-immunity research
- Antimicrobial studies
- Wound-healing investigations
Research protocols
Protocols summarized from published research models. Provided for scientific reference only — not dosing guidance for human use.
Observed effects timeline
Aggregated observations reported across research literature. Timing and magnitude vary by model and are not a guarantee of outcome.
Acute
Direct antimicrobial membrane disruption reported in study models.
Ongoing
Wound-healing and immune-modulating signaling reported with repeated exposure.
Research compatibility
Describes how compounds are studied alongside one another in the literature. Not a recommendation to co-administer.
KPV
Complementary anti-inflammatory/host-defense pathways.
Thymosin Alpha-1
Distinct immune-modulating mechanisms.
Thymulin
Complementary immune signaling.
How to reconstitute
Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water, swirl gently, and refrigerate. Avoid shaking to preserve the peptide.
- 1Allow the vial to reach room temperature (15–20 minutes).
- 2Swab the stopper with alcohol and let it air dry.
- 3Add bacteriostatic water slowly down the vial wall.
- 4Swirl gently until dissolved into a clear solution.
- 5Refrigerate at 2–8 °C and protect from light.
Quality indicators
Uniform white powder
Lyophilized cake should be white to off-white without discoloration.
Clear solution
Reconstitutes to a clear, colorless, particle-free solution.
Cold-chain integrity
Reconstituted solution requires 2–8 °C storage.
Slight clumping
Small clumps that dissolve completely with gentle swirling are acceptable — shipping can cause minor compaction.
Collapsed or melted appearance
Powder that looks collapsed, melted, or stuck to the vial walls may have been exposed to heat in transit.
Cloudy after reconstitution
Persistent cloudiness, particles, or precipitate after gentle mixing can indicate a degraded or contaminated peptide.
Reported observations & safety
Safety signals reported in the research literature. Compiled for scientific awareness — not medical advice.
- Local injection-site reactions are commonly reported, related to its membrane-active nature.
- Pro-inflammatory effects at higher concentrations are noted in the literature — dose context matters.
References & further reading
LL-37 cathelicidin in innate immunity (review)
Review of LL-37's antimicrobial, wound-healing, and immunomodulatory roles in human innate immunity.
View studyTopics
This entry is provided for educational and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, a dosing protocol, or a claim of therapeutic benefit. Research compounds are supplied strictly for laboratory and research use — not for human or veterinary consumption.
Substantial peer-reviewed research across multiple models.
This compound is part of our educational reference and is not currently stocked. Browse the catalogue for available research-grade peptides.
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